I. Chiyambi
Ukadaulo wolekanitsa ndi umodzi mwa ukadaulo waukulu atatu wopanga mankhwala. Njira yolekanitsa imakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la chinthu, magwiridwe antchito ake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, komanso phindu lake. Makina Oyeretsera a TFE omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira yolekanitsa zinthu ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira yolekanitsa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito makina. Chipangizochi chili ndi mphamvu yosinthira kutentha, kutentha kochepa kwa mpweya, nthawi yochepa yokhalira m'zinthu, kutentha kwambiri komanso mphamvu yayikulu ya mpweya. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale a petrochemicals, mankhwala abwino, mankhwala aulimi, chakudya, mankhwala ndi uinjiniya wa biochemical, kuti chichite njira zoyeretsera mpweya, kusakaniza, kuchotsa zosungunulira, kuyeretsa, kuchotsa nthunzi, kuchotsa mpweya, kuchotsa fungo loipa, ndi zina zotero.
Short Path Distillation ndi evaporator yatsopano komanso yothandiza yomwe imatha kusuntha filimu yotsika pansi pa vacuum, momwe filimuyo imapangidwa mwamphamvu ndi chojambulira filimu chozungulira ndipo imakhala ndi liwiro lalikulu la kuyenda, mphamvu yayikulu yosamutsa kutentha komanso nthawi yochepa yokhalamo (pafupifupi masekondi 5-15). Ilinso ndi mphamvu yayikulu yosamutsa kutentha, mphamvu yayikulu ya evaporation, nthawi yochepa yoyenda komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu kogwira ntchito, komwe ndikoyenera makamaka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito potulutsa mpweya, kuchotsa mpweya, kuchotsa zosungunulira, kusungunula ndi kuyeretsa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, zinthu zokhuthala kwambiri komanso zinthu zosavuta zokhala ndi makristalo ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Ili ndi silinda imodzi kapena zingapo zokhala ndi majekete otenthetsera ndi chojambulira filimu chozungulira mu silinda. Chojambulira filimucho chimakanda zinthuzo nthawi zonse kukhala filimu yamadzimadzi yofanana pamwamba pa kutentha ndikuzikankhira pansi, pomwe zinthu zomwe zili ndi malo otsika otentha zimasanduka nthunzi ndipo zotsalira zawo zimatulutsidwa pansi pa chojambulira.
II. Makhalidwe Abwino
• Kutsika kwa mpweya woipa:
Pamene mpweya wophikidwa ndi nthunzi wa zinthuzo umasamuka kuchokera pamwamba pa kutentha kupita ku condenser yakunja, pamakhala kupanikizika kosiyana. Mu evaporator wamba, kutsika kwa kupanikizika koteroko (Δp) nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera, nthawi zina kufika pamlingo wosavomerezeka. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Machine Yothira Mpweya Waufupi ili ndi malo akuluakulu a mpweya, kupanikizika kwake kuli kofanana ndi komwe kuli mu condenser; chifukwa chake, pali kutsika pang'ono kwa kupanikizika ndipo digiri ya vacuum ikhoza kukhala ≤1Pa.
• Kutentha kochepa kwa ntchito:
Chifukwa cha khalidwe lomwe lili pamwambapa, njira yotulutsira nthunzi imatha kuchitika pamlingo wapamwamba wa vacuum. Popeza mlingo wa vacuum ukuwonjezeka, kutentha kwa zinthu kumachepa mofulumira. Chifukwa chake, ntchitoyi ikhoza kuchitika pa kutentha kochepa ndipo kutentha kwa chinthucho kumachepa.
• Kutentha kwa nthawi yochepa:
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka Short Path Distillation Machine komanso momwe chogwiritsira ntchito filimuyi chimapopera, nthawi yomwe zinthuzo zimakhala mu evaporator ndi yochepa; kuphatikiza apo, kugwedezeka mwachangu kwa filimu mu evaporator yotenthetsera kumapangitsa kuti chinthucho chisathe kukhala pamwamba pa evaporator. Chifukwa chake, ndi choyenera kwambiri kuti zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha zituluke.
• Mphamvu yochuluka ya nthunzi:
Kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa zinthu kumawonjezera kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa zinthu zotenthedwa; ntchito ya chogwiritsira ntchito filimu imachepetsa makulidwe a filimu yamadzimadzi ikagwedezeka ndikuchepetsa kukana kwa kutentha. Pakadali pano, njirayi imaletsa kusungidwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu pamalo otenthetsera ndipo imatsagana ndi kusinthana kwabwino kwa kutentha, motero kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa evaporator yonse.
• Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa ntchito:
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, chotsukira filimu chotsukira ndi choyenera kuchiza zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha zomwe zimafuna kusungunuka kosalala komanso kokhazikika komanso zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu zomwe kukhuthala kwake kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka, chifukwa njira yake yotulutsira madzi imakhala yosalala komanso yokhazikika.
Ndi yoyeneranso kusungunuka ndi kusungunuka kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena ngati zinthuzo zili ndi kristalo, polymerization ndi fouling.
III. Madera Ogwiritsira Ntchito
Chotsukira filimu chotsukira chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapulojekiti osinthira kutentha. Chimathandiza kusinthana kutentha kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha (nthawi yochepa) makamaka, ndipo chimatha kusungunula zinthu zovuta zomwe zili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Chotsukira filimu chotsukira chagwiritsidwa ntchito poika mphamvu mu utsi, kuchotsa zosungunulira, kuchotsa nthunzi, kuchitapo kanthu, kuchotsa mpweya, kuchotsa fungo (de-aeration), ndi zina zotero m'malo otsatirawa, ndipo chapeza zotsatira zabwino:
Mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China ndi mankhwala akumadzulo: maantibayotiki, shuga, thunder godvine, astragalus ndi zitsamba zina, methylimidazole, single nitrile amine ndi zina zosakaniza;
Zakudya zopepuka za mafakitale: madzi, gravy, pigments, essences, fungo, zymin, lactic acid, xylose, starch sugar, potassium sorbate, ndi zina zotero.
Mafuta ndi mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku: lecithin, VE, mafuta a chiwindi cha cod, oleic acid, glycerol, mafuta acids, mafuta odzola zinyalala, alkyl polyglycosides, alcohol ether sulfates, ndi zina zotero.
Ma resini opangidwa: ma resini a polyamide, ma resini a epoxy, paraformaldehyde, PPS (ma esita a polypropylene sebacate), PBT, ma esita a formic acid allyl, ndi zina zotero.
Ulusi wopangidwa: PTA, DMT, ulusi wa kaboni, polytetrahydrofuran, polyols za polyether, ndi zina zotero.
Petrochemistry: TDI, MDI, trimethyl hydroquinone, trimethylolpropane, sodium hydroxide, ndi zina zotero.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo achilengedwe: acetochlor, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, furan phenol, clomazone, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi zina zotero.
Madzi otayira: Madzi otayira mchere osapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-17-2022
